Bromacil 80% WP Herbicide

Bromacil 80% WP is a systemic urea herbicide formulated as a wettable powder, designed for pre- and post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds and grasses in non-crop areas and perennial crops (e.g., citrus orchards). Its active ingredient disrupts photosynthesis by inhibiting photosystem II (PSII), leading to rapid weed desiccation. Known commercially as Krovar, it offers long residual activity (up to 1 year) and is classified as low toxicity (WHO Class U)

Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Specification
Active Ingredient	Bromacil 80% (w/w)
CAS No.	314-40-9
Molecular Formula	C₉H₁₃BrN₂O₂
Chemical Class	Uracil herbicide (PSII inhibitor, HRAC Group 5)
Formulation Type	Wettable Powder (WP)
Toxicity	Low mammalian toxicity (Rat oral LD₅₀: >5,200 mg/kg)
Target Weeds	Annual grasses, broadleaves (Amaranthus, Digitaria)
Shelf Life	Limited (check expiry on label)

Mode of Action & Efficacy

Mechanism: Inhibits electron transport in PSII → disrupts photosynthesis → cellular necrosis.
Speed: Visible symptoms in 3–7 days; complete kill in 2–4 weeks.
Residual Control: Soil persistence (DT₅₀: 60–120 days) suppresses new germinations.
Weed Spectrum: Controls >20 species, including resistant Conyza canadensis (horseweed).

Application Guidelines

Use Site	Dosage	Method	Timing
Citrus Orchards	2.5–5.0 kg/ha	Soil-directed spray	Pre-emergence or early post-planting
Non-Crop Areas	4.0–8.0 kg/ha	Broadcast spray	During active weed growth
Pineapple Fields	3.0–6.0 kg/ha	Soil incorporation	Pre-planting

Critical Practices:
⚠️ Activation: Requires 10–15 mm rainfall/irrigation within 7 days.
⚠️ Avoid Foliar Contact: Direct spray causes phytotoxicity in broadleaf plants.

Safety & Environmental Profile

Parameter	Data	Compliance
Ecotoxicity	Highly toxic to aquatic life (LC₅₀ fish: 0.12 mg/L)	WGK 2 (Germany) 2
Soil Mobility	Koc: 100–200 (moderate leaching risk)	GUS index: 3.1 (high)
Re-entry Period	24 hours	PPE: Gloves, mask, goggles

Advantages & Limitations

Advantages:
✅ Broad-Spectrum: Controls grasses, sedges, and broadleaves.
✅ Low Use Frequency: Single application provides season-long control.
✅ Cost-Effective: Reduces manual weeding by 70% in orchards.

Limitations:
⚠️ Soil Residual Risk: May affect rotational crops (wait 12 months for sensitive plants).
⚠️ Aquatic Hazard: Strict 50m buffer zones required near water bodies.